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Fukushima residents are cautious after the wrecked nuclear plant began releasing treated wastewater
核污水排海启动，福岛居民忧心忡忡
BY MARI YAMAGUCHI
山口真利
Updated 4:22 AM GMT+8, August 27, 2023
2023年8月27日 4:22 GMT+8
01
IWAKI, Japan (AP) — Fish auction prices at a port south of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant were mixed amid uncertainty over how seafood consumers will respond to the release of treated and diluted radioactive wastewater into the ocean。
美联社日本磐城(IWAKI)电——福岛核电站(Fukushima Daiichi)经过处理和稀释的放射性污水开始排海后，海产品消费者会作何反应?核电站以南一港口的渔市拍卖价格正萦绕在不确定性之中。
02
The plant, which was damaged in the 2011 earthquake and tsunami, began sending the treated water into the Pacific on Thursday despite protests at home and in nearby countries that are adding political and diplomatic pressures to the economic worries.
福岛核电站在2011年3·11大地震和海啸中受损;尽管日本国内和周边国家的抗议声不绝于耳，让经济问题缠身的日本政府又添几分政治与外交压力，周四，核电站还是开始向太平洋排放经过处理的核污水。
▌知识补充
▶ 3·11日本地震，也称东日本大地震，指当地时间2011年3月11日14:46:21发生在日本东北部太平洋海域(日本称此处为“三陆冲”)的强烈地震。此次地震的矩震级Mw达到9.0级，为历史第五大地震。震中位于日本宫城县以东太平洋海域，距仙台约130km，震源深度20公里。此次地震引发的巨大海啸对日本东北部岩手县、宫城县、福岛县等地造成毁灭性破坏，并引发福岛核电站核泄漏。
03
Hideaki Igari, a middleman at the Numanouchi fishing port, said the price of larger flounder, Fukushima’s signature fish known as Joban-mono, was more than 10% lower at the Friday morning auction, the first since the water release began. Prices of some average-size flounder rose, but presumably due to a limited catch, says Igari. Others fell.
沼内(Numanouchi)渔港的一位中间商井狩秀明(Hideaki Igari)表示，周五早晨，核污水排海开始后的次拍卖中，体型较大的“常磐もの”(当地的招牌鱼获)的成交价比往日低了10%还多;中等大小鱼获的价格倒是有所走高，不过井狩表示，这多半是因为当天捕获量不大。其他类型鱼获的价格都有下跌。
04
It was a relatively calm market reaction to the water release. But, Igari said, “we still have to see how it goes next week.”
市场对于核污水排海的反应称得上温和。但井狩说，“我们还是得看看下周的情况”。
The decades-long release has been strongly opposed by fishing groups and criticized by neighboring countries. China immediately banned imports of seafood from Japan in response, adding to worries in the fisheries community and related businesses.
将持续数十年之久的排海受到了来自多个渔业组织的激烈反对和几个邻国的猛烈抨击。作为回应，中国当即禁止了日本海产品的进口，这又加剧了当地渔业业者和相关企业的担忧。
In Seoul on Saturday, thousands of South Koreans took to the streets to condemn the release of wastewater and to criticize the South Korean government for endorsing the plan. The protesters called on Japan to store radioactive water in tanks instead of releasing it into the Pacific Ocean.
周六，数以千计的韩国民众走上首尔街头，谴责日本核污水排海的举动，批评韩国政府对排海一事的认可态度。抗议者要求日本将放射性污水存储在岸上的储水罐中，而不是排放到太平洋里。
▌知识补充
▶ Take to the streets，指走上街头游行或集会抗议示威，是political context中的常见表达。
05
A citizens’ radiation testing center in Japan said it’s getting inquiries and expects more people might bring in food, water and other samples as radiation data is now a key barometer for what to eat.
日本的一家民间辐射检测机构表示，近来收到了许多检测请求，预计会有与越来越多的民众携带食物、水和其他类型样本前来。如今辐射值也成了食物的一项重要指标。
Japanese fishing groups fear the release will do more harm to the reputation of seafood from the Fukushima area. They are still striving to repair the damage to their businesses from the meltdown at the power plant after the earthquake and tsunami.
3·11大地震和海啸过后，核电站的堆芯出现熔毁，严重打击了福岛地区的渔业生产。日本渔业组织仍在努力熔毁所带来的影响，而如今，他们担心核污水排海会进一步影响福岛地区海产品的声誉。
06
“We now have this water after all these years of struggle when the fish market price is finally becoming stable,” Igari said after Friday’s auction. “Fisheries people fear that prices of the fish they catch for their living may crash again, and worry about their future living.”
周五的拍卖过后，井狩表示：“经过多年的努力，鱼市的价格终于稳定了下来，然后核污水排海就来了。渔民们担心自己赖以维持生计的鱼获价格会再次暴跌，对未来的营生感到忧虑。
The Japanese government and the plant’s operator, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, say the water must be released to make way for the facility’s decommissioning and to prevent accidental leaks of insufficiently treated water. Much of tank-held water still contains radioactive materials exceeding releasable levels.
日本政府及核电站的运营方东京电力公司(Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings)表示，核污水排海一方面是为了推进核电站的报废工作，另一方面也是为了防止未完全处理的污水意外泄露。大量存储在储水罐中的污水所含的放射性物质仍高于排放标准。
07
Some wastewater at the plant is recycled as coolant after treatment, and the rest is stored in around 1,000 tanks, which are filled to 98% of their 1.37 million-ton capacity. The tanks cover much of the complex and must be cleared out to make room for new facilities needed for the decommissioning process, officials say.
一部分核污水在经过处理后，又作为冷却水继续循环，剩余污水则被储存在约1000个储水罐中。总容量137万吨的储水罐如今已经装满了98%。官员表示，塞满园区大部的储水罐需要清理，以便核电站报废设施进场。
Authorities say the wastewater after treatment and dilution is safer than international standards require, and that its environmental impact will be negligible. On Friday, the first seawater samples collected after the release were significantly below the legally releasable levels, the power company said.
当局表示，经过处理和稀释的核污水符合国际标准的要求，对环境的影响也微乎其微。东电公司表示，周五，排海开始后收集到的批海水样本符合合法排放标准。
But, having suffered a series of accidental and intended releases of contaminated water from the plant early in the disaster, hard feelings and distrust of the government and TEPCO run deep in Fukushima — especially in the fishing community.
然而，灾后初期一系列有意无意的污水排放引为先例，对政府和东电公司的不满和不信任深深刻在福岛居民，尤其是渔业业者的心中。
TEPCO says the release will take 30 years, or until the end of the plant decommissioning. People fear that could mean a tough future for youths in the fishing town, where many businesses are family-run.
东电公司表示，排海将持续30年，或者到核电站报废工作完成为止。这个渔业为主的小镇中，许多企业都是家庭经营的;人们担心年轻一代或将面临艰难的未来。
08
Fukushima’s current catch already is only about one-fifth its pre-disaster level due to a decline in the number of fishers and decreased catch sizes.
由于渔民数量的减少和鱼获体型的缩小，当前福岛的捕捞量仅为灾前水平的五分之一。
The government has allocated 80 billion yen ($550 million) to support fisheries and seafood processing, and to combat potential reputation damage by sponsoring campaigns to promote Fukushima’s Joban-mono and processed seafood. TEPCO has promised to deal with reputational damage claims, and those hurt by China’s export ban.
日本政府已拨款800亿日元(约合5.5亿美元)扶持渔业和海产品加工业，并赞助宣传福岛“常磐もの”和海产品制品的相关活动，来应对潜在的声誉损害。东电公司还承诺会弥补声誉损害和中国出口禁令造成的损失。
Tetsu Nozaki, head of the Fukushima prefectural fisheries cooperatives, said in a statement that worries of the fishing community will continue for as long as the water is released.
福岛县渔业协会联合会会长野崎哲(Tetsu Nozaki)在一份声明中表示，排海一天不停止，当地渔业业者的担忧就一天不会。
“Our only wish is to continue fishing for generations in our home town, like we used to before the accident,” Nozaki said.
野崎表示：“我们的愿望就是在我们的家乡世世代代继续捕鱼，就像事故发生前那样。”
Fish prices largely depend on the sentiment of wholesalers and consumers in the Tokyo region, where large portions of the Fukushima catch goes.
福岛地区的鱼获大都销往东京地区，因此其价格很大程度上取决于东京批发商和消费者的态度。
09
At the Friday auction at the Numanouchi port, the price for flounder was down from its usual level of about 3,500 yen ($24) per kilogram (2.2 pounds) to around 3,000 yen ($20), said Igari, the middleman.
中间商井狩表示，周五沼内渔港的拍卖会上，每公斤“常磐もの”的价格从往常的约3500日元(约合24美元)跌至约3000日元(约合20美元)。
“I suspect the result is because of the start of the treated water release from the Fukushima Daiichi and fear about its impact,” he said.
“我认为这一切都是福岛核电站核污水排海，以及人们对排海后果的担忧所导致的。”
At Mother’s Radiation Lab Fukushima in Iwaki, a citizens’ testing center, tests were being conducted on water samples, including on tritium levels for seawater that the lab collected from just off the Fukushima Daiichi plant before the release。
磐城的福岛妈妈辐射实验室(Mother’s Radiation Lab Fukushima)是一家民间检测机构，在那里，研究人员进行着一系列检测，比如排海开始前从核电站附近收集的海水样本中氚的含量。
10
Lab director Ai Kimura said anyone can bring in food, water or even soil, though the lab has big backlogs because testing takes time.
实验室主任木村爱(Ai Kimura)表示，任何人都可以携带食物、水甚至土壤前来检测，但由于测试需要时间，实验室还有大量的积压工作.
She joined the lab after regretting she might not have fully protected her daughters because of the lack of information and knowledge earlier in the disaster. She says having independent test results is important not because of distrust of government data, but because “we learned over the past 12 years the importance of testing in order to get data” on what mothers want to know for serving safe and healthy food to their children and families.
她加入实验室是因为追悔——灾后初期，由于信息和知识的缺乏，她可能没能保护好自己的女儿。她说，独立的第三方检测机构的存在意义重大——这倒不是因为人们不信任政府的数据，而是因为妈妈们很想知道自己给孩子和家人吃的东西是否安全，而“过去的12年里，我们已经意识到，只有进行检测才能回答她们的问题”。
Kimura said people have different views about safety — some are fine with government standards, others want them to be as close to zero as possible.
木村说，人们对于“安全”的看法各不相同：有人觉得政府的安全标准没什么问题，有人则觉得放射性物质的含量为零才算安全。
“It’s very difficult to make everyone feel safe… That’s why we conduct testing so we can visualize data on food from different places and help people have more options to make a decision,” she said。
“让每个人都感到安全并非易事……这也就是为什么我们要做检测，把不同地方食物的数据直观地展现出来，去帮助人们做出决定。”
Aeon, a major supermarket chain that has been testing cesium and iodine levels in fish, announced plans to also test for tritium, a radionuclide inseparable from water。
大型连锁超市永旺(Aeon)一直在检测鱼类中的铯和碘含量;日前该超市宣布还将检测氚(一种难以从水中分离出来的放射性物质)的含量。
▌知识补充
▶铯137(铯元素的同位素)、碘131(碘元素的同位素)和氚(氢的同位素)都是放射性同位素。
Katsumasa Okawa, a fish store and restaurant operator who was at one of his four shops Thursday, said customers were sparse after the plant started its final steps of the treated water release at 1 p.m.
小川胜正(Katsumasa Okawa)经营着四家鱼店和餐馆。周四他去到其中一家，发现下午一点排海的终准备工作开始后，那里只剩下零星的顾客。
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